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Director’s Tour

Experience the Arnold Arboretum’s world-class living collections from Director Ned Friedman’s perspective. Take this tour online or use the page for self-guided exploration while visiting the Arboretum in person.

We suggest starting from the Arborway Gate.

  • 120 mins
  • Medium
  • 2.5 miles
1

Painted Maple

Acer mono

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
5358*A
Sapindaceae
Acer mono
SD - LINEAGE 5358 - 1902
-
1902
U - UNCERTAIN ORIGIN
IMP. BOT. GDN., TOKYO, JAPAN
Painted Maple
Mature painted maple along Meadow Road in spring.
  • Gray mature bark with vertical ridges.
    Gray mature bark with vertical ridges.
  • Young five-lobed leaves and inflorescences.
    Young five-lobed leaves and inflorescences.

An architectural masterpiece

As only the eighth director of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University in its nearly 150-year history, I wake up every day amazed by my good fortune. I also live just two blocks from the grounds (where else, of course?). As such, I spend much time wandering the Arboretum, admiring the plants, and taking in all that nature has to offer throughout the year.

Each of the plants I have selected for this tour is associated with a wonderful memory of a moment when two organisms—a person (me) and a tree (not me)—connected in time and space. These plants have inspired me and drawn me deeper into the living collections. I hope this tour will lead you into a lifelong relationship with the more than 16,000 woody plants that call the Arboretum home.

Let’s start with one of my absolute favorite specimens in the collection, the painted maple (Acer mono), accession 5358*A. This tree began its life in Boston as seed shipped from the Imperial Botanic Garden in Tokyo in 1902. Imagine it germinating in the Arboretum’s greenhouses the following spring, only an inch tall, with a pair of small seedling leaves emerging from the soil.

Some four or five years later, the young sapling would have been ready to be planted in the earth. A spot was picked, a hole was dug, and the painted maple then spent more than a century growing into the masterpiece before you. Take it in from different angles, at different times of the day, and during different seasons. This tree is graceful, majestic, sublime.

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  • 1 Acer mono
    Swelling terminal bud in early spring.
  • 2 Acer mono
    New inflorescences and leaves emerging.
  • 3 Acer mono
    Flower with prominent nectaries.
  • 4 Acer mono
    Spring profile with newly emerging flowers and foliage.
  • 5 Acer mono leaf
    Young five-lobed simple leaf.
  • 6 Acer mono fruit
    Developing winged fruits (samaras).
  • 7 Acer mono trunk
    Contorted trunk with multiple leaders.
  • 8 Acer mono trunk
    Twisted surface roots.
  • 9 Acer mono
    After a winter storm.
2

Snakebark Maple

Acer rufinerve

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
381-2008*A
Sapindaceae
Acer rufinerve
SG - LINEAGE 381-2008 - 2008
-
2008
W - WILD ORIGIN - JAPAN -
BROWNLESS, CLARK, JAMIESON,
MCNAMARA AND MARROCCO
BCJMMT 104
POLLY HILL ARB., MA
Snakebark Maple
Young tree showing forking trunks and characteristic bark.
  • Characteristic colorful, striped bark.
    Characteristic colorful, striped bark.
  • Swelling axillary buds in opposite arrangement.
    Swelling axillary buds in opposite arrangement.

Bark like a snake

The Arnold Arboretum hosts the finest collection of maples of any botanical garden or arboretum in the world. In New England, we might come up with a short list of maples familiar to us: sugar maples, silver maples, red maples. But maples (genus Acer) are a highly diverse group of trees with roughly 130 species around the Northern Hemisphere and most are native to temperate East Asia.

There’s a good reason the Arnold Arboretum has such an amazing collection of maples: we’ve been collecting plants in China, Japan, and Korea for nearly 150 years. After all, this is a museum of trees! Among my favorite maples are a small group of species called the snakebark maples, all but one of which are native to Asia. As you might guess, the snakebark maples have gorgeous smooth barks with white, waxy vertical stripes. The bark can resemble the color of limes, or of orange and grapefruit rinds.

Every winter, when the Arboretum reveals its bones, I make it a practice to go and behold the bark of these wonderful trees, including redvein maple (Acer rufinerve), Manchu striped maple (Acer tegmentosum), and Father David’s maple (Acer davidii). Run your hand along the bark and take in its smoothness and coolness. These maples are some of the greatest treasures of temperate Asia.

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  • 1
    Snakebark maple (Acer rufinerve).
  • 2
    Snakebark maple (Acer rufinerve).
  • 3
    Father David’s maple (Acer davidii).
  • 4
    Father David’s maple (Acer davidii).
  • 5
    Acer pectinatum ssp. forrestii.
  • 6
    Moosewood (Acer pensylvanicum).
  • 7
    Moosewood (Acer pensylvanicum).
  • 8
    Manchu striped maple (Acer tegmentosum).
  • 9
    Manchu striped maple (Acer tegmentosum).
3

Oriental Oak

Quercus variabilis

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
1581-77*F
Fagaceae
Quercus variabilis
SD - LINEAGE 1581-77 - 1977
-
1977
W - WILD ORIGIN - KOREA,
REPUBLIC OF - SPONGBERG,
S.A., WEAVER, R.E. 346
1977 EXP. TO KOREA AND JAPAN
Oriental Oak
Mature profile in spring.
  • Narrow newly emerging leaves.
    Narrow newly emerging leaves.
  • Deeply furrowed bark.
    Deeply furrowed bark.
  • Dead leaves often retained over winter.
    Dead leaves often retained over winter.

The majestic oaks

Every autumn, I return to visit the venerable Asian oaks, and in particular, the oriental oak (Quercus variabilis).

I am drawn to these trees because of their deeply furrowed bark and their smooth brown fruits (the “acorn”) with over-the-top caps (the “cupule”). The cupules, with their unruly, curled scale leaves, end up all over the ground under each tree after squirrels pillage the acorns and carry off the good parts.

I also enjoy the fact that while autumn is everywhere around us, the leaves on this species of oak haven’t even begun to lose the deep green of summer. These trees are stoic—no reds, no golds—biding their time before their leaves turn a magnificent tan and scatter to the wind.

The first of this species to join the Arboretum’s living collections was gathered by the first director of the Arboretum, Charles Sprague Sargent, during his travels to Japan in 1892. Later specimens would come to the Arnold from collecting expeditions to China in 1905, 1908, and 1994. Indeed, the seed for the tree in front of you was collected in South Korea on an Arboretum expedition in 1977.

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  • 1 Quercus variabilis cupule
    Mid-summer cupule (cap) with acorn still hidden.
  • 2 Quercus variabilis cupule
    Mature cupule.
  • 3 Quercus variabilis acorn
    Recently fallen acorn.
  • 4 Quercus variabilis
    A cascade of male inflorescences.
  • 5 Male inflorescences of Young leaves of Quercus variabilis
    Close-up of catkins with pollen-bearing flowers.
  • 6 Quercus variabilis leaves
    The tender foliage of spring.
  • 7 Quercus variabilis leaves
    Deep greens of summer.
  • 8 Quercus variabilis bark
    Deeply furrowed bark.
  • 9 Quercus variabilis buds
    Dormant buds.
4

Cultivar of Panicle Hydrangea

Hydrangea paniculata 'Praecox'

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
14714*A
Hydrangeaceae
Hydrangea paniculata 'Praecox'
SD - LINEAGE 14714 - 1892
-
1892
W - WILD ORIGIN - JAPAN -
SARGENT, C. S.
C.S. SARGENT, ARN. ARB.
Cultivar of Panicle Hydrangea
Mature specimen in the Bradley Rosaces Collection in full flower.
  • Large, showy, cone-shaped inflorescences.
    Large, showy, cone-shaped inflorescences.
  • Multiple stems with flaky mature bark.
    Multiple stems with flaky mature bark.
  • Simple leaf.
    Simple leaf.

Breathe deeply

There are certain times of the year when the Arnold Arboretum must be inhaled to get the full experience. During summer, aromatic compounds released from the flowers of linden trees (Tilia) and the magnificent panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata) are especially intense. Come July, two extraordinary accessions of panicle hydrangea, 14714*A and 14714-1*A, are covered in white flowers, several weeks before many other members of this species.

Accession 14714*A arrived in Boston in 1892 as a seed collected by Charles Sprague Sargent, the Arboretum’s first director, during his expedition to Japan. It has grown in this spot (once it graduated from the nursery) ever since. Accession 14714-1*A is a literal “chip off the old block,” propagated as a cutting from 14714*A in 1905.

A wonderful thing about hydrangeas is their floral dimorphism. Each plant produces two distinct types of flowers: the fertile flowers, smaller and more numerous, and the showy flowers, less numerous and sometimes referred to as sterile flowers (even though they are often perfectly fertile!).

Many hypothesize that the evolution of showy “sterile” flowers in hydrangeas was driven by the benefits of attracting more pollinators to the inflorescences—or as Charles Darwin put it in 1877, “by rendering the flower-heads conspicuous to insects.” I buy it.

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  • 1 Hydrangea paniculata 'Praecox'
    Inflorescence with showy “sterile” flowers and small fertile flowers above.
  • 2 Hydrangea paniculata 'Praecox'
    Inconspicuous fertile flowers and flower buds.
  • 3 Hydrangea paniculata 'Praecox'
    Showy “sterile” flower.
  • 4 Hydrangea paniculata 'Praecox'
    Copious upright inflorescences.
  • 5 Hydrangea paniculata fruits
    Infructescences comprised of small brown capsules.
5

Northern Catalpa

Catalpa speciosa

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
2776*B
Bignoniaceae
Catalpa speciosa
PT - LINEAGE 2776 - 1886
-
1886
PT - LINEAGE 2776 - 1886
U - UNCERTAIN ORIGIN
ROBERT DOUGLAS & SONS, IL
Northern Catalpa
Winter profile of a mature specimen.
  • Gray, fissured bark.
    Gray, fissured bark.
  • Long, straight young stems.
    Long, straight young stems.
  • Long, peapod-like fruits.
    Long, peapod-like fruits.

The centenarian from Illinois

This northern catalpa began life in Waukegan, Illinois, in the nurseries of the great catalpa promoter and grower Robert Douglas. Douglas recognized the outstanding qualities of the species—fast growing, rot resistant, tolerant of poor soils—and saw its potential as a major source of timber. Douglas planted over two and a half million seedlings of northern catalpa in the American Midwest. Two of his trees made their way to the Arboretum in 1886.

Catalpa trees used to be a common street tree in America. In the middle of summer, after peak flowering for most temperate trees has passed, catalpas put on a magnificent show of flowers with wild coloration—purple and orange spots, tiger stripes—and with fringed and fused petals.

Today, people tend to prefer “clean” trees, meaning trees that don’t drop an abundance of “messy” fruit each fall. Catalpa trees, after they flower, form a lot of fruits, each about a foot and a half long, like a vanilla bean. Most people prefer not to have 10,000 peapod-like fruits rotting on the sidewalk. I think that’s a pity. Nature can be messy, and it’s nice to have a bit of that mess right in your own yard!

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  • 1 Catalpa speciosa leaf scar
    Stem showing prominent leaf scars.
  • 2 Catalpa speciosa breaking bud
    Young leaves emerging in spring.
  • 3 Catalpa speciosa flower
    Flower, one of thousands.
  • 4 Catalpa speciosa flower
    Colorful markings to guide pollinators to nectar.
  • 5 Catalpa speciosa
    Large, heart-shaped leaves.
  • 6 Catalpa speciosa nectar glands
    Extrafloral nectaries on underside of leaf. Why?
  • 7 Catalpa speciosa developing fruit and autumn foliage
    Autumn foliage with developing fruit.
  • 8 Catalpa speciosa seed
    Single seed with two wings in the melting snow.
  • 9 Catalpa speciosa
    1886 specimen struck and killed by lightning in 2018.
6

American Sweetgum

Liquidambar styraciflua

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
1248-79*B
Altingiaceae
Liquidambar styraciflua
SD - LINEAGE 1248 - 1980
-
1980
W - WILD ORIGIN - UNITED STATES
KOLLER, G. L., ALEXANDER, J. H.
ARNOLD ARB
American Sweetgum
Mature specimen along Bussey Hill Road.
  • Deeply furrowed bark.
    Deeply furrowed bark.
  • Distinctive
    Distinctive "winged" bark with raised ridges.
  • Large colorful buds.
    Large colorful buds.

Phenomenal winged bark and fruits that amaze

The tree you are about to meet is the very first tree I fell for at the Arnold Arboretum, way back in 2009. Early winter had arrived and the trees had lost their leaves. I wandered in an unfamiliar landscape on one of my first visits to the grounds of the Arnold Arboretum. Heading up Bussey Hill, I was completely dumbfounded by the sweetgum tree (Liquidambar styraciflua) before you. I’ve seen plenty of sweetgums in my day, but this one caught me up short.

Sweetgums display a form of winged bark in which panels of corky ridges develop along the length of the woody branches. But this sweetgum appears to be on steroids! The architecture of the tree seems strange, stunted, and weirdly branched. A close look reveals an unusual amount of corky ridges (wings) forming along the woody branches.

Along with their extraordinary bark, the inflorescences and fruits of sweetgum are a wonder throughout the year. Flowers are unisexual (having either male or female parts) and form in dense clusters in the spring, with female flowers showing off some amazing curly stigmas (the structure that receives pollen).  With time, the clusters of female flowers (inflorescences) develop into spikey woody infructescences, which hang on the tree long after they have shed their seeds.

This sweetgum came to the Arboretum in 1979 as a seed. Its mother was apparently just as “wingy.” One of our sharp-eyed plant collectors spotted it in a farm field in Missouri and took the liberty of liberating a few seeds.

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  • 1 Liquidambar styraciflua branches
    Branches showing characteristic "winged" bark.
  • 2 Liquidambar styraciflua bark
    Close-up of bark "wings."
  • 3 Liquidambar styraciflua swelling bud
    Swelling buds take on a glossy sheen in spring.
  • 4 Liquidambar styraciflua male inflorescence
    Upright pollen-bearing (male) inflorescence, new foliage, and pendulous seed-bearing (female) inflorescence emerging in spring.
  • 5 Liquidambar styraciflua new leaves
    Newly emerged palmately lobed leaves.
  • 6 Liquidambar styraciflua demale inflorescence
    Female inflorescence with dozens of stigmas awaiting pollen.
  • 7 Liquidambar styraciflua developing
    Spiky, developing fruit.
  • 8 Liquidambar styraciflua ripe fruit
    Old infructescence, having shed the seeds within.
  • 9 Liquidambar styraciflua fall foliage
    Fall foliage.
  • 10 Liquidambar styraciflua fruits on ground
    One and two-year-old infructescences litter the ground.
7

Bigleaf Magnolia

Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
299-2001*A
Magnoliaceae
Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla
PT - LINEAGE 299-2001*A - 2001
-
2001
W - WILD ORIGIN - UNITED STATES
E. JOHNSON, HOLDEN ARB.
ORIG FROM R. MCNEIL, UNIV. OF KENTUCKY
Bigleaf Magnolia
Young tree with prominent foliage.
  • Large simple leaf.
    Large simple leaf.
  • Red aggregate fruit.
    Red aggregate fruit.

The Arboretum's largest flowers

The Arboretum has a wonderful magnolia collection. Most visitors will be familiar with the early flowering species that put on a dramatic show near the Hunnewell Building every spring. But some magnolia species flower in late spring and even into summer.

My favorite is the bigleaf magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla), an amazing species native to the southeastern United States. Our specimens are tucked away underneath the hickory collection. The bigleaf magnolia not only has massive leaves (the largest simple leaves of any temperate tree), it also has enormous flowers, which span a foot and a half across when fully open in June. Why in the world would a plant have a flower that big? The answer is: I have no idea. But it is a beauty to behold.

As with all magnolias, flowering is a wonderfully choreographed process. On the first day, the flower opens and performs its female function by receiving pollen. At this stage, the flower appears like a narrow champagne flute, tall and erect. On the second day, pollen is released from male structures (stamens), and tepals (petal-like parts) open fully, yielding a large, dinner-plate-sized flower.

This sequence of pollen reception and pollen release—one of many clever strategies that have evolved to prevent self-pollination—reminds us that plants express gender in very clever ways. The first book written on this very subject was penned by none other than Charles Darwin in 1877.

Want to dig deeper?
Explore the Bigleaf Magnolia Plant Bio

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  • 1 Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla bud
    Winter bud sheathed in downy hairs.
  • 2 Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla stipule
    Large stipule.
  • 3 Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla leaves
    Umbrella-like foliage from beneath.
  • 4 Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla bug
    Magnolia bug.
  • 5 Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla flower
    Upright flower on first day of flowering.
  • 6 Large flower of Bigleaf magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla)
    Enormous open flower with six tepals on day two of flowering.
  • 7 Flower of Bigleaf magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla)
    Receptive female reproductive structures (stigmas).
  • 8 Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla
    Dead bee, live ants, old stamens. Floral secretions may be toxic to bees.
  • 9 Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla fuit
    Mature aggregate fruit showing seeds.
  • 10 Magnolia macrophylla ssp. macrophylla fruit
    Seeds fully emerged.
  • 11 Magnolia macrophylla
    Fall foliage.
8

Highbush Blueberry

Vaccinium corymbosum

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
1951*B
Ericaceae
Vaccinium corymbosum
PT - LINEAGE 1951 - 1883
-
1883
W - WILD ORIGIN - UNITED
STATES - DAWSON, J. T.
J. T. DAWSON, ARNOLD ARB.
Highbush Blueberry
Nearly 150-year-old specimen on Bussey Hill.
  • Green simple leaves.
    Green simple leaves.
  • Developing fruit in summer.
    Developing fruit in summer.

A very old pair of highbush blueberries

The Explorers Garden is filled with the greatest hits of the Arnold Arboretum, specimens highlighting the institution’s 150-year history of bringing magnificent woody plants from around the Northern Hemisphere to Boston.

Showstopping plants abound at every turn, including the two oldest Franklin trees (Franklinia alatamaha) on the planet (accessioned in 1905); a large patch of royal azaleas (Rhododendron schlippenbachii), some going back to 1905; a stunning Chinese fringe tree (Chionanthus retusus) at the end of Chinese Path (a 1901 gift of the Imperial Botanic Garden in Tokyo); and the first two dove trees (Davidia involucrata) grown at the Arboretum, accessioned in 1904 and 1911.

But beauty can be found in even the most seemingly mundane plants. The highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum, accession 1951*B) before you is one of a pair of blueberries that came to the Arnold Arboretum in 1883. While kind of scraggly, these two plants sport lovely green leaves, beautiful urn-shaped flowers in the spring, and vibrant young blueberry fruits through early and mid-summer.

Both shrubs were collected by Jackson Dawson, who served as the Arboretum’s first plant propagator—a post he held for 43 years. In 1883, Dawson, traveling atop a horse-drawn cart, discovered these plants in a nearby woodland and collected them.

True, these two highbush blueberries did not travel far to arrive at the Arboretum. No team of plant collectors risked their lives on remote mountainsides in China, Korea, or Japan to obtain them. They braved no long journey by river, sea, and transcontinental railroad to arrive in Boston—just a short ride to the Arboretum in a cart. They are “just” a couple of very old blueberries from around the corner, after all. They persist and they are beautiful.

Want to dig deeper?
Explore the ‘Dunfee’ Highbush Blueberry Plant Bio

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  • 1 Vaccinium corymbosum swelling bud
    Swelling buds in early spring.
  • 2 Vaccinium corymbosum flowers
    Small urceolate (urn-shaped) white flowers.
  • 3 Vaccinium corymbosum and bee
    Bee robbing nectar from a flower.
  • 4 Vaccinium corymbosum fruit
    Developing fruits.
  • 5 Vaccinium corymbosum ripe fruit
    Mature fruits.
  • 6 Vaccinium corymbosum autumn foliage
    Autumn foliage.
  • 7 Vaccinium corymbosum in winter
    Stems and dormant buds after a snowstorm.
9

Twisted Beech

Fagus sylvatica 'Tortuosa'

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
14599*A
Fagaceae
Fagus sylvatica 'Tortuosa'
GR - LINEAGE 14599 - 1888
-
1888
Z - INDIRECT WILD ORIGIN -
FRANCE -
R.B.G., KEW, ENGLAND
Twisted Beech
Mature specimen in autumn color along Beech Path.
  • Luminous fall foliage in yellows and oranges.
    Luminous fall foliage in yellows and oranges.
  • Contorted branches.
    Contorted branches.
  • Projections of partial solar eclipse (August 21, 2017) through canopy onto the smooth surface roots.
    Projections of partial solar eclipse (August 21, 2017) through canopy onto the smooth surface roots.

A wonderfully twisted tree

The Arnold Arboretum hosts more than a dozen cultivars of European beech, including purple-leaved, cut-leaved, and weeping forms. But none of these horticultural deviants comes close to the dramatic twisted European beech, Fagus sylvatica ‘Tortuosa’. This magnificent specimen came to the Arboretum in 1888—a gift from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and a reminder that gardens around the world are always sharing their botanical bounty.

Instead of growing straight up to the sky, like a regular European beech, the twisted beech has branches that grow in spirals and then droop. Over time, the tree takes on the shape of a hemisphere. In autumn, standing under the canopy is akin to entering a medieval cathedral with magnificent (and ephemeral, in this case) stained-glass windows filtering the light.

Look up at the winding shoot system, and enjoy the solitude of being alone with a single beautiful organism amidst a sea of trees, all within an urban oasis. Winter brings the magnificent twisted forms of the branches to the fore, and spring bud break delights with the light green of newly born leaves.

There are plenty of other horticultural delights associated with pendulous or tortured forms–weepers, if you will—and you can find many of them scattered across the Arnold Arboretum.

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  • 1 Fagus sylvatica
    Newly emerging leaves with fine hairs (trichomes).
  • 2 Fagus sylvatica 'Tortuosa'
    Spiraling, twisted branches.
  • 3 Fagus sylvatica 'Tortuosa'
    Luminous fall foliage from beneath.
  • 4 Fagus sylvatica 'Tortuosa'
    Autumn foliage.
  • 5 Fagus sylvatica 'Tortuosa'
    A mature tree in its autumn splendor.
  • 6 Fagus sylvatica 'Tortuosa'
    Shallow surface roots.
  • 7 Fagus sylvatica 'Tortuosa' bark
    Old wounds callused over with smooth gray bark.
10

Table Mountain Pine

Pinus pungens

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
10706*A
Pinaceae
Pinus pungens
PT - LINEAGE 10706 - 1921
-
1921
U - UNCERTAIN ORIGIN
E. C. ROBBINS, ASHFORD, NC
Table Mountain Pine
Underside of canopy of mature Table Mountain pine.
  • Long green needles.
    Long green needles.
  • Spiky brown mature seed cones.
    Spiky brown mature seed cones.

A tree to lie under and look up

The pine collection at the Arnold Arboretum is among the subtlest of our collections, passing through the seasons without the showiness of a riotous spring floral display or the kaleidoscope of autumn leaf colors found among deciduous brethren. Rather, each and every day, pines are measured in the subtle hues of the green of their needles, the textures and shades of bark, and the slow maturation of their seed cones.

A favorite destination among the pines is a set of three centenarian Table Mountain pines (Pinus pungens, accessions 10706*A, *C, and *E) that hail from the Appalachian Mountains. The seed cones of this species have amazing thorn-like structures protruding from each seed scale.

Table Mountain pine is serotinous, which means that it holds its seed-bearing cones for years, tightly closed, until wildfire arrives. The heat of the fire opens the cones, releasing the seeds within. This beautifully evolved mechanism ensures that stands of Table Mountain pines can readily repopulate their native habitats, which are subject to natural episodic fires.

When you visit these trees, be sure to take in the whole canopy from underneath (start with accession 10706*A, my favorite). Lie down, look up, and you will see a cloud of hundreds of old seed-bearing cones from the last decade silhouetted against the sky. The first time I tried this, it caught me totally off guard, in the best possible way! It will do the same for you.

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  • 1 Pinus pungens needle closeup
    Needle bundles (fascicles) with basal sheathes.
  • 2 Pinus pungens cones
    Vegetative shoot elongating in spring with dozens of open pollen cones at the base.
  • 3 Pinus pungens young cone
    Young developing seed cone.
  • 4 Pinus pungens cone
    Further along in development, the cone takes on a bright green color.
  • 5 Pinus pungens cone
    As it nears maturity, the cone develops a mustard-like hue.
  • 6 Pinus pungens cone
    Mature woody seed cone with formidable spikes (umbos).
  • 7 Pinus pungenscone
    Older cone with aged patina, beginning to break open.
  • 8 Pinus pungens cone
    Fully open mature cone, having shed its seed.
  • 9 Pinus pungens
    A bough showing a gradient of cone ages, older to younger from base to tip.
11

Lacebark Pine

Pinus bungeana

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
663-49*C
Pinaceae
Pinus bungeana
SD - LINEAGE 663-49 - 1949
-
1949
U - UNCERTAIN ORIGIN
A. JOHNSON, ARNOLD ARB.
ORIG FROM LU SHAN ARBORETUM, CHINA
Lacebark Pine
Mature specimen in summer.
  • Mature seed cone.
    Mature seed cone.
  • Pollen cones swell in early spring.
    Pollen cones swell in early spring.
  • Vegetative buds stretch out in spring.
    Vegetative buds stretch out in spring.
  • Trunk showing characteristically colorful, mottled bark.
    Trunk showing characteristically colorful, mottled bark.
  • Peeling bark, recently fallen.
    Peeling bark, recently fallen.

A pine like no other

Among the 37 different species of pines that live at the Arboretum—totaling more than 1,000 accessioned trees—one species, in my opinion, rises above them all: the lacebark pine (Pinus bungeana), a native of China.

Nothing can exceed the dramatic bark of the lacebark pine which, in winter, flakes off in large puzzle-shaped pieces. A single trunk may present a stunning spectrum of colors, including avocado, grapefruit rind, crimson, silver, orange, and lime.

Look closely, and you may even notice that the north- and south-facing sides of the trunk differ in their color schemes (north tends to show a more silvery white). In the wild, lacebark pines may live for a thousand years or more. Here at the Arboretum, our oldest specimen—the one before you (accession 663-49*C)—joined the living collections in 1949.

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  • 1 Pinus bunreana bark
    Exfoliating bark takes on a variety of hues and patterns.
  • 2 Pinus bunreana bark
    Colors range from bright greens to silvery blues.
  • 3 Pinus bunreana bark
    A splash of bright orange offset amongst the greens.
  • 4 Pinus bunreana bark
    Crimson patches contrast with shades of olive.
  • 5 Pinus bunreana bark
    A felt-like surface lends a warm shimmer.
12

Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
14670*A
Ginkgoaceae
Ginkgo biloba
SD - LINEAGE 14670 - 1904
-
1904
U - UNCERTAIN ORIGIN -
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF -
UCIYAMA, T.
T. UCIYAMA, KOREA
Ginkgo
Mature female ginkgo beside Walter Street Gate.
  • Fan-shaped leaves turn from green to a brilliant gold in autumn.
    Fan-shaped leaves turn from green to a brilliant gold in autumn.
  • Gray, plated bark, often covered with lichen.
    Gray, plated bark, often covered with lichen.
  • On female trees, round yellow seeds with a fleshy exterior.
    On female trees, round yellow seeds with a fleshy exterior.

Meet a female ginkgo tree

The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba) is the last of its kind, the sole remaining species of an ancient lineage that once grew throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Today, this species persists in the wild in only a few small, dispersed populations in China. Nevertheless, ginkgoes are a very common street tree; their disease resistance and remarkable ability to thrive in hostile urban environments are legendary.

But there’s a catch. These days, trees planted in yards and city streets are always male. Ginkgo is dioecious—individual trees either bear seed (female) or pollen (male). Trees sold in the horticultural trade are always male, created by cloning other male trees.

There is a good reason for this gender bias: the seeds of female ginkgo trees contain copious amounts of butyric acid (which smells like vomit), and who wants that on their sidewalk underfoot every autumn?

Such is not the case at the Arnold Arboretum, where most of our ginkgo trees were grown from seed. Trees propagated this way reflect a near 50–50 male-to-female ratio. The venerable female ginkgo tree at Walter Street Gate (accession 14670*A) was grown from a seed received from Korea in 1904. In early November, hang around for a few minutes to take in the magnificent gold of autumn leaves (which fall over the course of only a few days) and the overpowering stench of mature seeds. Intense but worth it!

Want to dig deeper?
Explore the Ginkgo Plant Bio

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  • 1 Ginkgo biloba new leaves
    New leaves emerging, with young ovules below, which will eventually develop into putrid-smelling seeds.
  • 2 Ginkgo biloba
    Two-lobed leaves are sometimes deeply dissected.
  • 3 Ginkgo biloba seeds
    Developing seeds enclosed in a fleshy outer tissue.
  • 4 Ginkgo biloba seeds
    Mature seeds take on a yellow hue.
  • 5 Ginkgo biloba autumn leaves
    Autumn foliage.
  • 6 Ginkgo biloba fallen leaves
    Autumn foliage can drop rapidly over the course of a single or few days.
  • 7 Ginkgo biloba seeds
    Fallen seeds emit a formidable odor.
13

Honey Locust

Gleditsia triacanthos

Accession Number
The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.
Accession Date
The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.
Common Name
The non-scientific name for the plant.
Scientific Name
The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant's scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by "ssp."), variety (denoted by "var."), form (denoted by "f." or "forma"), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).
Plant Family
The family to which the plant belongs.
Propagation Material
The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are "SD" (seed), "EX" (existing plant), "PT" (plant), "CT" (cutting), "SC" (scion), "SG" (seedling), and "GR" (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.
Collection Data
The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code ("W" = wild, "G" = garden, "Z" = indirect wild, "U" = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.
Location
The location of the plant on the landscape.
Hover to Learn More
1237-79*C
Fabaceae
Gleditsia triacanthos
SD - LINEAGE 1237-79 - 1980
-
1980
W - WILD ORIGIN - UNITED
STATES - KOLLER, G. L. AND
ALEXANDER, J. H.
1979 MISSOURI/ILLINOIS EXP.
Honey Locust
Thorny trunk of mature honeylocust on Peters Hill.
  • Long thorns turning from green to red to ash-gray in maturity.
    Long thorns turning from green to red to ash-gray in maturity.
  • Mature bark, gray with vertical strips.
    Mature bark, gray with vertical strips.
  • Bright green new thorns.
    Bright green new thorns.
  • Pinnately compound leaves.
    Pinnately compound leaves.

Armed and dangerous

The absolute best thorns to be found at the Arnold Arboretum are in the collection of honey locusts (genus Gleditsia) at the summit of Peters Hill, the second highest point in Boston. Along with these wonderful trees, those who visit will find a marvelous view of Boston’s skyline.

Some varieties of honey locusts make fine street trees, and can be found throughout the city. Cultivars used for this purpose have been selectively bred to lack the incredible thorns of the native species—essentially “declawing” them and making them much safer for passersby. We aren’t having any of that at the Arnold Arboretum. Our honey locusts are armed and dangerous.

One of my favorite honey locust trees, Gleditsia triacanthos (accession 1237-79*C), sports thorns that range up to a foot in length and could easily do some serious harm to the careless observer—so stay alert!

If you like this kind of armature, drift to the west on Peters Hill, and you will find many additional species of honey locust trees, including some with trunks near fully hidden by a thicket of colorful thorns.

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  • 1 Gleditsia triacanthos
    A mature tree in spring showing yellow-green new foliage.
  • 2 Gleditsia triacanthos thorns
    Young thorns turn from green to a deep red.
  • 3 Gleditsia triacanthos thorn
    Close-up of a thorn.
  • 4 Gleditsia triacanthos thorn
    Older thorns turn maroon and then gray, taking on a woody appearance.
  • 5 Gleditsia triacanthos thorns
    A thicket of long thorns.
  • 6 Gleditsia triacanthos
    Mature seed pods.
  • 7 Gleditsia triacanthos
    Rounded crown of a mature tree.