‘Merrill’ Loebner Magnolia

Magnolia ×loebneri 'Merrill' early spring

Accession Number

The alpha-numeric value assigned to a plant when it is added to the living collection as a way of identifying it.

Accession Date

The year the plant’s accession number was assigned.

Common Name

The non-scientific name for the plant.

Scientific Name

The scientific name describes the species of an organism. The first word is the plant’s scientific genus and the second is the specific epithet. This two-word binomial is sometimes followed by other taxonomic descriptors, including subspecies (denoted by “ssp.”), variety (denoted by “var.”), form (denoted by “f.” or “forma”), and cultivar (denoted by single quotation marks).

Plant Family

The family to which the plant belongs.

Propagation Material

The first part (material code) describes the material used to create the plant. The most common codes are “SD” (seed), “EX” (existing plant), “PT” (plant), “CT” (cutting), “SC” (scion), “SG” (seedling), and “GR” (graft). The second part describes the lineage the plant is derived from. The last part describes the year of propagation.

Collection Data

The first part indicates provenance (place or source of origin) using a letter code (“W” = wild, “G” = garden, “Z” = indirect wild, “U” = uncertain). The second part lists the plant source. For wild-collected material, the collector, collection number, and country are given.

Location

The location of the plant on the landscape.

Hover to Learn More

Magnolia x loebneri 'Merrill'

G – CULTIVATED ORIGIN
SAX, K., ARNOLD ARBORETUMn

‘Merrill’ Loebner Magnolia

Named after Arboretum director Elmer Merrill in 1952 and hybridized by Karl Sax, Arboretum scientist and director. ‘Merrill’ Loebner magnolia is one of the many remarkable cultivars developed as a result of Sax’s horticultural breeding program.

‘Merrill’ Loebner magnolia plays homage to Dr. Elmer Merrill. Merrill was the administrator of botanical collections at Harvard University, as well as a botany professor, and was appointed director of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University in 1935. Merrill’s noteworthy accomplishments include increasing the herbarium holdings by 220,000 specimens, enlarging the library, creating the position of horticulturist and hiring the legendary Donald Wyman, and perhaps most notably, widely distributing Metasequoia glyptostroboides (dawn redwood) seed throughout the Western world. Upon Merrill’s retirement, research scientist Karl Sax was chosen as director. Sax was a professor of plant cytology and genetics at the Bussey Institute, Harvard University’s Graduate School of Applied Biology. It was through his extensive horticultural breeding program and genetics studies, largely focused on crabapples, cherries, and forsythia, that one of his students can be given the accolades of breeding the stunning ‘Merrill’ Loebner magnolia.

‘Merrill’ is a cross between Japanese natives Magnolia stellata (star magnolia) and Magnolia kobus (Kobus magnolia). It was grown from open pollinated seed in 1939. The name honors German horticulturist Max Löebner who was first to make the cross between these two species in the early 20^th century. This cross has produced arguably the most magnificent cultivars of the genus.

‘Merrill’ is a vigorous grower, having not inherited star magnolia’s slow growth rate. It has a rounded to broad crown and can attain a mature height of 20 to 30 feet, in between that of star magnolia (up to 20 feet) and Kobus magnolia (up to 35 feet). It puts on a spectacular show in early spring, prior to the emergence of 5-inch long obovate, dark green foliage. Fragrant white flowers, blushed with pink at the base, shower multi-trunked trees in April, creating a showstopping display. Flowers up to 6-inches wide with 15 or more tepals (petals and sepals that cannot be differentiated from one another) are similar to those of star magnolia. And, unlike Kobus magnolia, plants produced from cutting propagation flower at 2 or 3 years of age. Aggregate cone-like fruits ripen to a vibrant red in autumn.

Origin:
Massachusetts

Viewing this plant in-person? Look for these defining characteristics:

Flowers emerge before foliage. Tiffany Enzenbacher

About Our Collection

Fun Facts

The type specimen, accessioned in 1942, remains in good condition next to a clone near the Hunnewell Building.
‘Merrill’ is result of Karl Sax’s horticultural breeding program at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, but the cross was actually made by one his students.
Loebner magnolia is a cross between Magnolia stellata (star magnolia) and M. kobus (Kobus Magnolia). More than a dozen cultivars of this parentage exist.
Magnolia x loebneri ‘Merrill’ is one of the first magnolias to bloom in early spring.